A two-part analysis is important for government decision making. Part 1 is a legal analysis. Part 2 deals with ethics. The law is the minimum standard, which officials don't want their conduct to fall below. Beyond that is the space for ethical decision making. Agency counsel advises on the legality of potential actions but can also play a role in raising the ethical issues.
Joan Cassman, partner, Hanson Bridgett
JoAnne Speers, executive director, Institute for Local Government
Interviewed by Miriam Schulman, assistant director, Markkula Center for Applied Ethics